Visualidades del cuerpo: imágenes mediáticas de activistas del movimiento de mujeres y diversidad sexual en Uruguay (2005‐2015)

The thesis focuses on the ways the visual representation of the bodies of activists for women’s rights and sexual diversity were constructed at a time, when new rights were introduced in Uruguay under the governments of president Tabare Vázquez (2005‐2010) and president José Mujica (2010‐2015). Based on a qualitative research methodology, the study undertakes a visual analysis of photographs published by two daily print media outlets, La Diaria and La República, the feminist supplement La República de las Mujeres, and two online media outlets, Montevideo Portal and El País Digital.

It is understood that, as part of the visual culture we live in, images legitimize a horizon of meanings, thereby enabling the formation of social identities and image‐building. The study deals with photo journalism as a means of mediating reality, with the narrative of the texts created by media pictures, and with their presence in the dialogue, negotiating and appropriation processes of society.

Movilidad Ocupacional y Mercado de Trabajo desde la perspectiva de los recorridos biográficos laborales de trabajadores jerárquicos del sector de servicios en Colombia

Colombia is one of Latin America’s countries with the greatest inequality. The specialized theory relates the concentration of wealth with low occupational mobility and structural poverty. There are few opportunities to achieve social mobility through formal work, which motivates us to investigate the resources that enable mobility in those who manage to access the select group of hierarchical workers in companies. Occupational mobility in hierarchical workers and the formal sector labor mark Colombia is one of Latin America’s countries with the greatest inequality. The specialized theory relates the concentration of wealth with low occupational mobility and structural poverty. There are few opportunities to achieve social mobility through formal work, which motivates us to investigate the resources that enable mobility in those who manage to access the select group of hierarchical workers in companies. Occupational mobility in hierarchical workers and the formal sector labor market are categories normally worked by economic and administrative sciences from deductive approaches. In this thesis we investigate occupational mobility and the labor market from a qualitative ethnosociological perspective, using historical sociology in order to understand the Colombian labor market and the dynamics of employability and mobility from a more comprehensive perspective.

The qualitative approach allows us to propose a different view of the problem of job placement and occupational mobility by providing us with theoretical and methodological elements that allow us to discuss or complement some assumptions of the set of theories that dominate the academic scene in the country. We refer to the economic theories of the labor market; economic theories of human capital and segmented markets; and managerial theories of strategic orientation and job quality. Our methodology is based on the biographical work paths developed by the French sociologist Daniel Bertaux.

The methodological approach is focused on analyzing the in-depth interviews carried out with hierarchical workers, that is, employees who lead the positions of direction, management and coordination in companies in the service sector in various cities of the country. This approach allows us to investigate macro phenomena, but especially microsociological ones that are not captured by quantitative methods based on large surveys, while allowing us deeper readings into the meanings and practices around formal work and occupational mobility in the Colombian labor market.

The results of our inquiries allowed us in some cases to discuss with certain presuppositions of the dominant theories regarding the factors that have the greatest incidence in occupational mobility (education and social capital) and in other cases allowed us to complement them. It also provided us with a very revealing vision of the processes of occupational mobility with respect to the post-structuralist visions of modern forms of management of the self, where control goes from being in work spaces to being installed in the consciences of individuals. The research also allowed us to build a category to analyze in greater detail the processes of occupational mobility. We call this category promotional band, and it studies occupational mobility from the perspective of the actor based on the actions and perceptions that guide the negotiation, the explicit and implicit strategies of the hiring and promotion processes.

Mutaciones a la ética del asesoramiento genético. Tensiones entre prevención y autonomía analizadas a partir de un estudio etnográfico sobre el test genético predictivo para cáncer colorrectal hereditario no polipósico

This thesis reconstructs and analyzes several episodes of popular collective action that took place in the South Great Buenos Aires between 1974 and 1989. Starring different actors and actresses, with variable repertoires and frames of meaning, the different dynamics of confrontation are analyzed in its spatio-temporal plot, from a perspective that highlights the reciprocal effects of the qualities of space in collective action and of the qualities of collective action in space. In the description of the events, special focus is placed on the restitution of the multiple points of view of the subjects who participated in one way or another in them, resorting to their own stories based on an extensive search of documentary sources. Workers, militants, priests, employers, policemen, armed forces, mothers of disappeared persons, parishioners, human rights activists, landowners, neighbors, professional politicians and journalists make up the empirical picture of collective action as a complex space in which vital experiences are linked with specific sites, recreating mutant senses of place. Each of the moments described and analyzed open a new plot, which sometimes rests on the remains of an earlier one, and are woven together in a warp that gives us certain clues about the historical production of variable and overlapping layers more or less evanescent of a place called "South Great Buenos Aires".

Trayectorias pianísticas. El incierto camino hacia la consagración internacional

This research investigates the career of those people who seek to become international concert pianists. The analysis of these trajectories and their transformations throughout the 20th century offers a prism to analyze issues related to the modes of production, circulation and consumption of the classical music market; It also allows us to understand how the careers of these pianists are built, whose most cherished desire is to achieve the status of soloists, that is, to be able to make a sustained living from recording records, offering concerts and recitals throughout the world. Finally, since for several decades earning a living as a soloist on stage has been almost impossible and requires that the pianist be extraordinary, the thesis invites us to reflect on sociologically elusive dimensions such as talent and artistic genius, from a perspective that oscillates between multiple scales of analysis: the individual and the collective, the innate and the acquired, the agency and the structural determinants.

Procesos de estigmatización, discriminación y fronteras: interacciones en la frontera argentino-boliviana. El caso de Villazón, La Quiaca, San Salvador de Jujuy y San Pedro de Jujuy.

Esta tesis analiza los procesos de discriminación que se producen en la frontera argentino-boliviano, específicamente, la sección que comprende el departamento de Potosí (Bolivia) y la provincia de Jujuy (Argentina); y dentro de ella, puntualmente las ciudades fronterizas de Villazón (Potosí) y La Quiaca (Jujuy), el
segundo, un espacio fronterizo que incluye las localidades de San Salvador de Jujuy (capital de la provincia), y los lotes del Ingenio la Esperanza (departamento de San Pedro)
Se parte de la idea que las poblaciones indígenas en América Latina se encuentran inmersas en situaciones de marginalización y explotación de diversa índole, sean en los ingenios azucareros de Centroamérica, en las minas de los Andes Centrales, en la extracción de caucho en el Amazonas, en las fincas frutihortícolas de Latinoamérica. Se analiza cómo, a lo largo del siglo XX y XXI, las poblaciones indígenas del altiplano han sido explotadas por grandes empresas o sectores capitalistas, caso de los ingenios azucareros, fincas tabacaleras y frutihortícolas, o por los grandes comerciantes que exportan productos alimenticios entre la frontera de ambos Estados.

Entre el “escrache” y la “gestión”. La trayectoria del Movimiento de Derechos Humanos en Argentina y su vinculación con el Estado a la luz del caso de H.I.J.O.S. (2003-2015)

The focus of this thesis is to study the link between “Hijos e Hijas por la Identidad y la Justicia contra el Olvido y el Silencio” (H.I.J.O.S.) organization and National State during the period 2003-2015, observing the changes and continuities in the interpretations and positions of its militants.  With this case of study, we look for contribute to comprehension of the relation between the Human Rights Movement and the State in general, considering they dynamics and historical transformations during this period. First, we reconstruct the H.I.J.O.S. trajectory in relation to the political cycles they went through. Second, we analize different experiences where it’s possible to watch convergences and bonds with the state. Through the participation of militants in the "recovery" and management of Memory Sites, the management of the national Human Rights Secretariat and the development of the political and labor careers of some militants in spaces of public management or government.

Trabajar como profesional del trabajo social en Colombia: La construcción intersubjetiva de la experiencia de trabajo

Butsinceits expansión in capitalismproductivelabourlinked in capitalismproductivelabourlinkedtocommercialismtook as a referecetothefactory, otherways of workingwereacquiringthe figure of #services” “care”, “workontheothers”, “social work” and todaythey are articulatedtothelogic of thewagesociety. ItsFoundation, unlikethework in the Factory or of inmaterial labour non-commercialrelationshipsbutthe “production of people” (Dubet F., 2002) and thereprouction of society.

Thisthesisaddressedtheconstruction of experiencemakingprofessionals in social workwho are employed a in threetyoes of organiztion: a GovermentOrganization (GO), a non-governmentalorganization (NGO) and foundation of Corporate Social Responsability (CSR) in Colombia. Taking as analysisintersubjectivityperspective, whichcontributestoanunderstanding of realitygreateragainstthesubject of thework in theworldtoday Little exploredfromthesoialservices. Thisisrelevant at a time in whicheverythingseemstoindicatethatthegeneration of new jobsisprojectedthere.

La relación Estado/movimiento indígena en Ecuador. Participación política y electoral y administración de la justicia en tiempos de plurinacionalidad e interculturalidad.

This thesis analyzes the relationship between the Ecuadorian State and the indigenous movement in the last thirty years from two questions: How do local governments led by indigenous and non-indigenous people exercise power within a State that defines itself as plurinational and intercultural? and How do indigenous authorities and ordinary justice operators apply their respective justices in a country that constitutionally recognizes legal pluralism?

These questions are inscribed in the framework of the discussion of inequality based on both socioeconomic variables and cultural variables as legitimizing this situation, and in the debate of the tension between the permanence of the civic nation and the emergence of the multinational and intercultural nation

"No les falta nada, no les sobra nada" El cuidado de los adultos mayores en familias trasnacionales con residencia en Argentina y Paraguay

The current research seeks to characterise the way in which the care of the elderly of Paraguay is organised, with special emphasis in the situation of rural families that have been affected by migratory processes. Anchored in theoretical discussions within Transnational and Social Care Studies, the thesis provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the situation of the senior elders living in poverty and the care arrangement options available to them, both family and non family centred. It also refects upon the access and quality of life of both the elderly and the people that look after them. At the same time, this research looks at gender roles in the management of care, as well as at the role of the state in both its presence and absence.

Políticas sociales y prácticas ciudadanas a partir de la implementación de la Asignación Universal por Hijo en Argentina (2009-2015)

Universal Child Benefit for Social Protection (by its acronym in Spanish AUH) was implemented in Argentina in 2009.This social policy connects the State and the popular sectors. In order to understand the implications of the AUH in this connection, we will analyze the characteristics of its implementation and its effects. We will carry out a qualitative approach of the mediations formed by the policy experience from the perspective of its recipients: socio-territorial organizations, their circulation in the state offices, and their home-family.
Our thesis is that the AUH generates citizenship practices that are characterized by the individualization and lead to paradoxical effects. On the one hand, how people are informed, how collection is handled and how they access to it as well as the monetization of the connection the AUH produces allow direct access to social protection within certainty. As a consequence, it reinforces a dyadic relationship State-popular sectors and strengthens the individual citizenship tending to universality. On the other hand, it breaks up the bonds of local sociability and puts a strain on the solidarity principles that impede the emergence of collective claims for the breach of human rights. Moreover, the responsibility for the effective accessibility (processing, requirements fulfillment, use of money) is moved to the private sphere. This familiarization of welfare affects unevenly women-mothers.

Conflictos socioambientales en torno a la megaminería metalífera a cielo abierto. El caso de la provincia de San Juan entre los años 2003-2013

The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of the socioenvironmental conflicts surrounding open-pit mining in Argentina in the last decades from the case study of the province of San Juan. In our country, as in the region, socioenvironmental conflicts multiplied, in recent years, within the framework of a neo-extractivist model of development in the which the frontiers of exploitation of the common goods of nature expanded. In this context, the national and subnetional States, accompanied the process of implementation of extractive megaprojects based on regulatory deregulation and the establishment of alliances with transnational companies dedicated to the explotation of strategic resources.

In this scenario, the province of San Juan became early, in a unique experience in the process of expansion of the open-pit mining in Argentina. From the minig policy implemented by the provincial government, it became a reference for other subnational governments that set out to develop the activity. Temporary, this investigation concentrates between the years 2003 - 2013 period of greagter expansion of the open-pit mining in San Juan, which coincides with the consolidation of the mining policy implemented from the provincial State. In this period, the  conflict crossed different stages, some of greater expressions, and others, where it remained in astate of latency.

Los niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas de violencia por encontrarse en situación de calle en la CABA.

The legislation applicable to the protection of children’s rights in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires establishes the priority groups on which public sector should focus with the aim of achieving the effective exercise of the rights of children and adolescents. Within this group it establishes a smaller priority group of children and adolescents who are victims of violence and sexual exploitation. The group addressed in this analysis is children and adolescents who are experiencing homelessness and sexual exploitation. They fall within the priority group: children and adolescents who are victims of violence and sexual exploitation. Children living in the streets of Buenos Aires form part of this priority group because life in the streets leads to a general exposure to violence that underlies the other problems that homeless children face, and entails serious consequences for their personal development and long-term health, throughout adolescence and into adulthood. Understanding the effects of violence is essential in achieving effective mechanisms for protecting these priority groups. This thesis attempts to cover an unexplored topic: an analysis of government practices in light of the change in legislation applicable to children and adolescents experiencing homelessness and sexual exploitation in Buenos Aires. The changes studied here relate to the goals and ways of addressing childhood homelessness and sexual exploitation through public policy. The questions is whether the implementation of specific public policy for these children and adolescents, through the legal reforms introduced from 1996 onwards, has achieved an improved coherence and effectiveness in the mandate to free
these children and adolescents from violence and sexual exploitation.  This research aims to illustrate the problematic knots in the relationships between government practices, law-making bodies and the realities faced by the children and adolescents who are victims of violence and sexual exploitation on the streets of Buenos Aires. In this way, tensions will be exposed that arise from the modification of laws and the hope that these changes will directly impact institutions and their practices, modifying them. What can be observed in this research, based on the temporariness of the involvement of public institutions, is that the behaviour of children and adolescents is expected not to overstep a certain tolerance threshold. These limits may be flexible in some cases, depending on the intervening actor, their ideological position, their inclusiveness and professional standing, but they exist and are keenly felt when typical behaviour is interpreted as disruptive, when certain events or conduct are defined as unacceptable, when children in danger become dangerous children. The results of the research show that the tools and resources designed for childhood intervention are insufficient to successfully meet the needs of the group dealt with in this analysis, the hard core group as it has been described in the interviews. The realities presented require policy changes that imply major investment and sophisticated strategies. The established public policy requires the destruction of the everyday life of these children and teenagers, despite the sense of identity it grants them for which their own bodies are symbols, their territories, and their own group dynamics; these are the political manifestation of the building of an alternative that is not going to be accepted, respected or recognized by institutions, but that was what was possible, what they could achieve, a way they found of surviving in the street, as they themselves explain it. Amid the failure of established strategies, displacement to less visible places - to shanty town alleys and their surroundings – appears as though it were a solution. The children and adolescents who are homeless and suffering from commercial sexual exploitation have crossed the line drawn by the institutions that enforce public policy, making them dangerous. As a penalty for this transgression, they will be swept under a rug of indifference, displaced to less visible places. Their everyday reality is thus made invisible and indolence becomes public policy  Perhaps this will help explain the invisibilization faced by the Isauro Arancibia Education Center, a place which embraces and shines a light on the concrete needs of children and adolescents living in the streets, the victims of violence and sexual exploitation. Even though the new legislation attempts to modify the starting point from which public policies that impact childhood are formed, the practices of policy makers must be reviewed, redirected, and accompanied by the necessary funding and sufficient training to be able to adequately address this complex situation. The work that is required exceeds what can be achieved by passing laws.

Guerrilleras haciendo Estado. El proceso de paz con las FARC-EP en Colombia desde la perspectiva del ritual

In recent Colombian history, a new phase of the political, social, and armed conflict began in 1964 with the creation of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. In 1982, this organization included “the People's Army” in its name and renamed itself FARC-EP (because of its Spanish initials). This Marxist-Leninist guerrilla organization had mostly a peasant population base and became one of the oldest in the world. Since then, the country has experienced an escalation of the conflict signed by various factors contributing to the persistence of the violent confrontation between guerrillas, paramilitary groups, the state, and drug trafficking gangs.

Despite various events that permanently put it at risk, the latest dialogue process ended with a Final Agreement to End the Conflict and Build a Stable and Lasting Peace, which the guerrilla and the Colombian state signed in November 2016. As a result, the FARC-EP ceased to be a political-military organization to become a political-party organization.

The Peace Agreement was a transcendental event in Colombian history. Although the country is still far from being a post-conflict scenario, ending a 52-year armed conflict between FARC-EP and the state and their commitment to transforming some aspects of the society are big steps toward this goal. Six years after the agreement’s achievement, its implementation is incomplete, and the country is still under a violent confrontation.

This thesis analyzes the transition of the FARC-EP toward a life without weapons. It focuses on the different stages of this process and some of the devices displayed by the FARC-EP militants. The thesis understands the transition process as a co-production generated by a network of interrelated actors that emerged during the process: mainly the state and FARC-EP, as well as the UN and Colombian society. The analysis incorporates anthropological ritual theory elements and other social sciences perspectives.

Dimensiones geográficas del libro: producción y circulación de las ediciones literarias en las provincias de Córdoba, Santa Fe y Entre Ríos (1982-2020).

The thesis addresses the problem of the geographical conditions of the production and circulation of literature in the peripheries of the publishing market. It privileges a regional scale of observation of the literary edition in Argentina (Córdoba, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos), in order to understand what were the social implications of spatial interdependencies, in the production and circulation of literature in the provinces, between 1982 and 2020. The hypothesis suggests that the expansion of literary production in these provinces, during the period studied, is part of a process of reconfiguration of the geographical asymmetries of the editorial space, which impacted the development of positioning strategies in that space, by editors and writers from the provinces. This research combined qualitative and statistical methodologies, through the development of interviews, surveys and data matrices on editorial production in these provinces.

La enfermedad, la muerte y el funeral de Chávez. Estudio del contenido polifónico de los periódicos venezolanos El Universal y Correo del Orinoco sobre los últimos años del presidente

The objective of the research was to study the discourse of the media through the comparison of the different journalistic stories. We worked with the Venezuelan newspapers El Universal and Correo del Orinoco about the approach they gave to the illness, death and state funerals of President Hugo Chávez (2011-2013). First, the business, political and social history of newspapers is reviewed, then their discursive strategies are investigated for the construction of the facts that are studied. The newspapers were defined as political actors in dispute with business interests that supported or rejected Chávez (opposition-chavismo). The analysis of the media as political actors revealed pre-established positions linked to business interests through their editorial lines. This generated disputes between the actors, and they formed spaces to refer to the facts with tensions between them to establish a truth about what happened in the last years of Chavez's life.

Distinción social y elitización: prácticas sociales, sociabilidad y estilos de vida de estudiantes de la Universidad de San Andrés

This dissertation seeks to understand distinction and sociability practices among students attending University of San Andres, located in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Young men and women with different background and variable social and educational itineraries share the day-to-day at this private university. The methodological approach is a qualitative one, combining ethnographical field work from 2012 to early 2017 with 40 in-depth interviews conducted of students from different programs of study and years. The main findings show the distinction practices inside a group of students which was first assumed to be homogenous. The focus is specially placed on those receiving full scholarships, who must constantly prove their capacity and skills to stay in the program. The argument is that scholarship holders see themselves differently and get to climb up the social ladder, compared with their families, despite unequal integration.

Análisis de la Asignación Universal por Hijo con perspectiva de género: cambios y continuidades en las condiciones de vida de las mujeres titulares en el ámbito del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires.

This research studies the transformations and continuities in the material living conditions of women who are designated as recipients of the Universal Child Allowance, as a result of the social policy, in the area of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. Framed in theoretical discussions within feminist economics and the care economy, it considers the gender bias in terms of the policy design, and the role assigned to women in it. Through a methodological strategy combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, the research focuses on three dimensions of analysis: income, labor participation, and care. By means of a conceptualization of economic empowerment that considers unequal power relations based on gender, these three dimensions are examined as deeply interrelated faces of gender inequality. In addition, the research analyzes how gender and class are intertwined as two axes of inequality, as well as the role of the State in the reproduction and transformation of these inequalities.

¿Nadie es más que nadie? La experiencia educativa en una ciudad intermedia de Uruguay

With this work we propose to know how the educational and urban experiences of adolescents and young people living in intermediate cities are articulated. We start from the need to understand the educational experience of adolescents and young people in intermediate urban settings. These have specific characteristics that differentiate them from what happens in large cities. We consider that sociability in intermediate cities entails tensions that are present in the educational experience of adolescents and young students and that acquire specific characteristics according to how social inequalities are processed in each of these.

Between 2015 and 2017, we interviewed eighty students between the ages of 12 and 15, with experiences of inequality built from middle- and lower-class positions and who were studying basic secondary education in four geographically close middle schools in an intermediate city in Uruguay. We also carry out interviews with teachers and other relevant actors, as well as participant observations and reading of documentary material. We analyse the closeness and distances involved in the lives of adolescents and young students who live in this intermediate city within the framework of the public, private or hybrid nature of the schools, through five axes.

The first refers to the representations that circulate in the city according to the degree of tranquillity that is attributed to each of the middle schools. The second focuses on the educational expectations and the displacement by the city of the adolescents and young people that accompany their entrance to secondary education. The third axis is  dedicated to the characteristics assumed by conviviality, care, and construction of community in these schools. The fourth axis deals with the versatile uses that adolescents and young people make of middle school clothing. The fifth axis refers to the educational, peer socialization and family care activities that adolescents and young people carry out both in middle schools and in other educational spaces, in their homes and in other areas of neighbourhood life and which are related, in different directions, with their lives as students.

The cross-sectional reading of the analysis of these five axes allows us to conclude that the characteristics of the educational experience of adolescents and young people are articulated with those of their urban experience. This occurs through complex proximity and distance games in which they participate as inhabitants of the intermediate city and who acquire specificities in schools according to whether they are public, private or hybrid.

Proximities refer both to characteristics of sociability that can be shared in other intermediate cities, as well as to contradictory tendencies regarding the moderation and consolidation of the social fragmentation that we maintain characterize the social relations in this city. Distances occur even within the framework of these proximities and derive from the processing of inequalities related to gender, age, race and class, as well as residential, especially if living in the country is associated with doing so in the margins of the city.

Likewise, it is clear from this work the co-presence of childhood and youth experiences in adolescents and young people who are in the first years of secondary education and how the public, private or hybrid nature of schools colours the construction of the common and of the particular in each of these.

From the work carried out, keys can be extracted to understand how the urban, educational and inequalities experiences of adolescents and young students are articulated in intermediate cities, urban settings different from large cities with high levels of social fragmentation.

Pe mba´apo opa mba´ereipe ha pe jehecha pende jehe. Trayectos laborales, gramáticas y habilidades críticas de los trabajadores paraguayos en Buenos Aires

Argentina's population born abroad has been a leading actor in the nation's growth. For the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, migration was mainly European overseas. During the course of the 20th century, this decreased and, instead, the number of immigrants from neighboring countries increased, mainly from Paraguay and Bolivia. Then, in the 1990s, the arrival of immigrants from Peru finished consolidating South American immigration.
Now, the case of immigration from Paraguay - one of the most numerous with 550,713 people residing in Argentina (INDEC, 2010) - is the product, on the one hand, of the increase in land concentration, on the other, precariousness in the industrial field and, lastly, the absence of labor policies aimed at containing an unemployed population that used to be employed in their plots, mainly, in rural jobs.
This same population that now migrates seeking better living conditions suffers a selective labor insertion (sectors of horticultural production, construction, textile industry, retail trade and domestic service) and ends up filling jobs discarded by the native population due to low wages and poor employment conditions.
Thus, informal and precarious work is the rule that demarcates the labor trajectories of Paraguayan men and women, who are left with cash and the deployment of their own capacities as the only resources from which to draw to survive day by day, alleviating the economic effects that these meager working conditions have on them and their families.
Against this background, this thesis seeks to investigate the way in which Paraguayan men and women living in the suburbs of Buenos Aires face these problematic situations. In order to achieve this task, the focus will be on three topics: first, on the labor trajectories and their constitutive characteristics; second, in situations that are perceived as a problem by the same actors; and third, in the skills and critical actions that they carry out as singular and collective strategies to face these conflictive realities.
This study will take as a theoretical and methodological basis the postulates of pragmatic / pragmatic sociologies, taking up concepts such as actor, grammars, capacities, critical actions and associations / connections to trace and evidence the empirical traces that appear in the experience and life stories of the population under study.

¿Dios y Libertad? Félix Frías y el surgimientro de una intelectualidad y un laicado católicos en la Argentina del siglo XIX

This dissertation studies the life of Félix Frías (1816-1881) focusing on the pioneering role he played in the creation of a modern laity and a proto catholic intellectual circle in 19^th century Argentina. It focuses on studying the political languages he used, his sociability networks and the diverse ways in which he articulated in his discourse the oeuvres of the may European thinkers that influenced his thinking. Lastly, This work also analyses his role in the construction of a modern laity in Buenos Aires and studies the path of Frías in the midst of different “secularity thresholds” that were in place during this period.

¿Qué ves cuando me ves?: Discapacidad y empleo en Argentina

Our aim was to try to unravel which is one of the significant causes of the high percent-ages of unemployment and inactivity among people with disabilities of working age, that is, people between 15 and 64 years old. The role of the State as a regulator and generator of legislation and pub-lic policies is analyzed, as well as the socio-cultural aspects of the environment. We have analyzed how the disability-normality dyad has been constructed and perceived throughout history, as well as current legislation and specific employment-related programs for this group. A brief analysis of the labor insertion of individuals with disabilities of working age to describe the disability-work pano-rama. Finally, we think about disability in terms of <<alterity>> to understand the bases of the existing social image of this group.
We conclude that the social perception of people with disabilities as intrinsically <<unemployable>> plays a crucial role in explaining the high levels of unemployment and inactivity, despite having compre-hensive legislation on the subject in general and on the employ-ment, in particular.

Política y gestión de la Ciencia y la tecnología. Un espacio de tensiones frente a los cambios de dinámica en la producción del conocimiento. Elementos de análisis para la evaluación en ciencia y tecnología

This work addresses the matter of tensions currently present in the gap between two points in time, that in which knowledge is produced and that in which this product is evaluated. The discussion offered seeks to bring to the surface those instances where the scientist feels that their endeavors do not obtain a valuation that is proportionate to the true scope and complexity of their work. The theoretical framework on which this development is supported is technoscience. The concepts built around this approach allow interpreting the context in which researchers work in a broad manner. For this reason, the social environment is bound to be a significant factor in the whole study. In this sense, studies of public perception of science may be the natural recipients of the discussion proposed by this paper. But the actual objective of this work is establishing certain lines of discussion mainly targeting decision-maker echelons with a say in the policies governing this activity. Added to science management and evaluation actors and the institutions they work for.

La producción trasnacional del Estado y la nación. La política cultural Boliviana y los procesos de constitución de la "colectividad" en la ciudad de La Plata

After the opening of a Vice-Consulate of the Plurinational State of Bolivia in La Plata, Argentina, and -through the promotion of its officials- of different entities of civil society, in this thesis we ask about the production of capital state in transnational contexts, the dynamics of "diasporization" of the Bolivian population in the locality and the impact of these issues on the production of national imaginaries. We investigate in the relational space that constitute the local plot of migrant organizations and the Bolivian diplomatic agencies that intervene in the city, together with other state and civil actors of the Argentine Republic, focusing on the production of the consular offices. Using the perspective of transnational studies and the contributions of social studies of the State, we seek to place a series of questions that challenge the reflection on the social dynamics that transcend the borders and the modalities of construction of the relations between the State and the population starting from the migration

Las jefas. Género y poder en la policía de la provincia de Buenos Aires

This doctoral thesis sets out to analyze the challenges that gender poses to power relations within the police department in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina), based on the experiences of female police officers who reach leadership positions. The first part analyzes the institutional processes of socialization and construction of divisions between male and female members of the police department, since the admission of women in 1947 until the creation of the Gender Policy Headquarters in 2015. Subsequently, a gender map is presented which reveals how hierarchies are distributed in the police department in the province of Buenos Aires. The second part of the thesis analyzes the experiences and practices of female police chiefs, from the minority group who make it to top-level posts, to the majority who are concentrated in positions as heads of Women and Family Precincts. Their personal and professional career paths provide insight into some of the hierarchical organizational criteria rooted in gender relations that cross-cut the police institution.

Entre viajes y fierros. Movilidad cotidiana y espacios de vida de usuarios del ferrocarril de La Araucanía, Chile.

The research analyzed the daily mobility of railway users in La Araucanía region by exploring the living spaces and how these are supported through interurban mobility. This study allowed the characterization of varied mobility circuits, which represent the motivations related to working, educational, recreational and social care activities. We chose to deepen the analysis through dimensions such as daily life, accessibility and gender. In the first dimension, we analyzed the travel dynamics, frequented spaces and mobility practices of the research’s participants. In the second dimension, we identified barriers regarding the density level, routes and trip experiences of subjects whose living spaces showed poor connectivity regarding their daily life activities. Finally, in the third dimension, we analyzed the mobility experiences of women, including their role as mothers, workers and railway users in their daily lives overlapping productive and reproductive spaces. In summary, the research include varied analysis dimensions and act as current image of mobility practices in the south of Chile.

"No la llames africana". Procesos de (des)valorización en torno a la palma de aceite: el caso de Marialabaja, Colombia

Palm oil monoculture imposed itself upon the Colombian municipality of Marialabaja starting in 1998, thus expelling farmers’ and landworkers’ means of working the land. Paramilitary violence ended up serving this process. This case demonstrates how, in capitalist modernity, that which is sacred and has the capacity to impose prohibitions and choose sacrificial victims, shifts from the vital towards the artifact. This is possible because there is a conflict between native knowledges and authorized knowledges related to agronomy and economic science, a dispute which materializes itself in the domination of bodies/territories, and which translates into power positions that allow for the appropriation and hoarding of value incomes. This process can thus be looked at as a consequence of the negation of value and the creative potential of the receptive principle, which makes evident the relationship between patriarchal oppression and the ecological crisis.

Valores que nacen del hacer, ruralidades perfomadas por el valor. Fetichismo, valorización y escuela en santuario, un municipio del paisaje cultural cafetero colombiano

This thesis investigates the relations established between school education and economy, within the framework of the patrimonial valorization process of the "mountain coffee culture" that is taking place in the territory that has been denominated "Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape" (PCC). In particular, it seeks to account for ¿ how the links and commitments of the Sanctuary's inhabitants are configured and reconfigured in relation to themselves, others and their environment, in a context of crisis and patrimonial valorization of "mountain coffee culture"?, as well as, ¿how is the value of the creative processes that take place in the rural school carried out, in a context of crisis and transformation of the logics of valorization instituted around "mountain coffee culture"? The above, based on the experiences of investigation and "patrimonial appropriation of the PCC", developed by the research group "Gallitos de Roca" of an educational institution in the municipality of Santuario.

Campesinado y gestión de los conocimientos en Colombia en el período 2000-2014. Debates y tensiones en torno a los bienes comunes y la regulación de los conocimientos tradicionales

The thesis addresses the debates and tensions around the management of peasant knowledge in Colombia, during the period 2000-2014, limiting the analysis to the collective action of the organization “National Agricultural Coordinator -CNA-. Inquire about the place of the peasantry and their knowledge in the regulatory frameworks; for the processes of construction of rules, recurring practices, possible interrelations and / or controversies between state and social stakeholders. It locates discussions in the context of negotiation and formulation of international and national legal instruments on: traditional knowledge, biodiversity conservation, genetic resources access and international trade. In this sense, knowledge management is part of a complex network of relations of valuation and / or devaluation of the peasantry, of the different cognitive and nature system. It shows disagreement regarding the development, rights and sustainability of life.

La fumigada, las granjas y el molino. Pertenencias y construcciòn social del riesgo en un pequeño pueblo entrerriano

Changes which have taken place in agricultural production model in the last thirty years have motivated a great controversy around the risk that the intensive use of agrochemicals imply for rural population. From "science" the response is limited and usually tends to be safeguarded by the fact that there is not enough evidence to conclude that the health damages attributed to these products are true. They usually attribute the risk to the specific fact of "misuse of the product", beyond the product itself. For these "productivist" type of positions, the focus of the problem is the practice itself and the conflict can be solved by the proper use of these technologies under the guidelines of good agricultural practices. On the other hand, from social groups who express concern about these issues, clearly the position is the opposite. The practice itself does not seem to be the most questioned, although it is the object itself. Even from discursive -according to the position taken in this respect- the same object can be called in different ways: agrochemical or agro-toxic. Around this binary logic is also grouped most of the works that address the subject. The presence of dichotomous logics that give shape to discourse and practices, clearly shows the unresolved tension around this matter.

My thesis is not intended to settle this controversy. I intend to understand how it plays in the local construction of the notions of risk and how it stresses the sense of belonging in Santa Anita, a small town in Entre Ríos. What is proposed is to present Santa Anita as a study case to address a sociocultural problem that responds in a certain way to the change in production patterns in the Argentine agricultural sector. That is, these problems that are reflected in this community with certain particular features respond to a general problem that results from the change in the productive model.
Santa Anita is a rural town of less than 2000 inhabitants. The origin of its inhabitants corresponds to the Russian-German immigration of principles of 1900 and responds to different colonization pattern from the rest of the neighboring localities since it was founded by a catholic priest. Santa Anita seems to be a community in which order guides them, as do their common interests, threats and fears.
This community with a deep rooted in its origins and traditions, with a strong need to always keep in the present its past, with the threats that they perceive from the "outside" and from the community itself, also presents internal divisions in their fears. Not everything in this community is unity and belonging. There is a risk that divides and fragments them. This risk operates as a symptom of the constitutive tensions of perceptions they have about themselves, of their ways of interpreting their past, of the way of imagining their place in the world and to project their future. It is the risk that they perceive around the application of phytosanitary products used in agricultural production. There is tension between producers, residents, agrochemical application service providers and environmentalists for peri-urban sprayings in agricultural areas. There are two sides coexisting and the preservation of the community depends on their coexistence. This makes the topic of spraying a "silent issue", that is where the community remains silenced.
The purpose is to investigate how this notion of risk is socially constructed and how that notion of risk builds "community". This is the problematic knot that this research seeks to address. In this context, it is worth asking about the articulations and tensions between the social construction of risk and the constitution of this community. In other words: how those risks build community and, at the same time, put into play the representations on which local actors affirm their belongings.
The tensions within Santa Anita never generate exposed fractures because conflict is not a constituent element of this community, and silence is a central tool for the "survival of the community". And it is in this sense that the tension around agrochemicals is manifested as an emerging issue that is linked to the presence of external elements - from outside - that puts the community in question and in "risk" to some of its elements. These matters make them as different from others; puts their sense of belonging at risk. The biggest risk which this community perceives, and that it tries to avoid permanently, is its own disappearance.

Campesinado y gestión de los conocimientos en Colombia en el período 2000-2014. Debates y tensiones en torno a los bienes comunes y la regulación de los conocimientos tradicionales

The thesis addresses the debates and tensions around the management of peasant knowledge in Colombia, during the period 2000-2014, limiting the analysis to the collective action of the organization “National Agricultural Coordinator -CNA-. Inquire about the place of the peasantry and their knowledge in the regulatory frameworks; for the processes of construction of rules, recurring practices, possible interrelations and / or controversies between state and social stakeholders. It locates discussions in the context of negotiation and formulation of international and national legal instruments on: traditional knowledge, biodiversity conservation, genetic resources access and international trade. In this sense, knowledge management is part of a complex network of relations of valuation and / or devaluation of the peasantry, of the different cognitive and nature system. It shows disagreement regarding the development, rights and sustainability of life.